Chapter 12

Chapter 12 explains that merely stating your position and argument won't be enough to convince your readers to side with you.  You must address an array of differing arguments and portray yours as the most logical by backing it with credible research.  It should reflect your role and purpose, and your reader’s needs, interests, values, and beliefs of an issue.  The type of document which you are drafting is reflected on the way you state your reasons.  Drafting an argumentative paper consists of stating the reasons your argument is valid and why you chose them specifically. For my specific argumentative essay I will be using a set of reasons that will help the reader to at least acknowledge my position and respect the research put into it, but ultimately I hope for them to accept my argument due to it being logical and based in fact.  Bedford urges that every reason be followed with evidence.  This is where your sources will come into play and create an excellent foundation for an informed, informative, and scholarly paper.  Looking at your paper from the perspective of potential readers is one of the most important parts in drafting.  When deciding how to come off favorably to your readers, you should try to incorporate the use of appeal to authority, emotion, principles, values, beliefs, character, and logic.

Chapter 18

Chapter 18 is all about the design of your paper and how it plays a critical role in the readers understanding, reaction to, and over all feeling towards it’s content.  Bedford stresses that there is an appropriate time and place for changed font, font color, and/or illustrations. There are 5 important figures within the development of design in writing they are as follows: Balance , referring to the alignment of elements throughout your paper, (such as symmetrical or asymmetrical) Emphasis, regarding where you put your main points that they grasp the reader’s attention, (i.e. The use of color or font) Placement, the use of proper organization of related topics or paragraphs, Repetition, such as headers, footers, navigation menus, and page numbers, and finally Consistency, where you make sure to format and place text and illustrations in a similar approach throughout your document.  This chapter suggests that it is best to format your headings in a consistent manner, in order to have them stand out from the rest of your paper.  Helping readers recognize particular parts of a document is also important, this will help the reader navigate through the paper.  Page layout is another way to keep the essay clean and professional with placement of text, illustrations, and other objects placed well on a page.

Chapter 19

Chapter 19 describes how you can tweak formatting a bit to have an academic essay a bit more interesting.  An academic essay is typically pretty straight-forward, basic font, basic font size, basic format.  For one, most instructors and even classmates, will prefer you to double space your writing. This will help with giving extra space for editing and review comments.  Some writers will use Word to their advantage and enhance their writing with the use of color to differentiate headings, as well as using sidebars, images, tables, and charts.  Just like the influence of your paper itself, it is best to take into perspective of the readers view.  Bedford reminds that the consideration of the purpose in writing your essay is also crucial to helping you determine how much design and illustration really needs to be used.  This also helps with the variation of types of sources and if, for example, an audio clip, image, or video is appropriate and will appeal to an audience.  Multimodal essays are an example of use of color, media, and more modern ways of presenting information.  These help to provide readers a more interesting medium to gain knowledge about a certain thing.

Chapter 13

Chapter 13 is all about organization.  Bedford explains that when organizing information you are gathering for your final product, it is important to remember that you are trying to persuade your reader to your viewpoint. The goal is to help the reader to know where you are going with your argument. There are 11 different organizing techniques, each appealing to the specific type of document in which you are writing, and the topic as well: Chronology, describing events that have occurred over time in order, Description, describing physical attributes of a subject, Definition, defining the characteristics of a subject and differentiating it from another subject, Cause/Effect, used to describe a more scientific essay and its influential properties, Process Explanation, the outlining  of the steps involved in how something occurs, Pro/Con, provides the good ideas and information along with the bad for one particular side of an argument, Multiple Perspective, the use of a variety of sources and material from intellectual, respectable insiders, Comparison/Contrast, gives similarities and differences among ideas relevant to a subject, Strengths/Weaknesses, shows both the positive and negative impacts in regards to a subject, Costs/Benefits, the tradeoffs that are associated with a specific subject or argument, Problem/Solution – when the document defines a problem and then discusses how a solution may possibly be attained.

lit review

Jacob McCown

Prof. Begert

Literature Review

11/5/14

Nowadays businesses are focusing more attention on reaching customers via the internet as opposed to using the more traditional tactics, such as customers’ phone numbers and home address.   Businesses do this with the assumption that they are saving money and reaching more people in a faster and more positive way.  However some still stand firmly behind the traditional methods believing that the customers respond better to the traditional ways and that the newer ways can be too invasive in some instances.  This paper will reflect the findings on ample research about this topic.  It will look at which forms of marketing is truly more effective, which is cheaper,  whether or not some of the methods used now are too invasive or creepy, and overall which is preferred by customers in this day and age.  It may be that people are becoming a little more use to what in previous generations would be called breaches in privacy, and are actually responding well to the new and more invasive tactics.  In my research three categories of information have presented themselves most often.  These categories are as follows: the study of geofencing, the continued use of traditional tactics, the modernization of marketing, and the ethics involved in the use of more invasive strategies.

In my paper I will be looking into the use and effectiveness of geofencing.  In my research I found that the journal Location-Based Social Networking and Services contains many informative articles on the subject. For example Data Alliance, a marketing company, wrote an article titled "Retailers May Benefit from Geofencing” This is one of the three article I use from this specific trade journal, this one will be the first I present in my paper.  This article provides background to geofencing and also a positive light on it.  It explains that geofencing is a form of location-based advertising in which a retailer sends a text-based promotion to consumers who have opted in to receive communications from the said retailer. A message is texted to consumers who are in the store's vicinity or targeted location. Unlike traditional advertising, it enables businesses to deliver pertinent messages to consumers at the most opportune place and time. Sidney Hill wrote another article in the trade journal "Location-Based Social Networking Is Not Attracting Many Users." This is number two of the three articles from this specific trade journal I will be looking at. This one talks about how few people are actually using “location based services”, and how when they launched, location-based services promised to take social networking to the next level, by allowing users to "check in" at businesses like restaurants, coffee shops, and stores, that they shop at often.  Checking in is supposed to allow your friends to know where you are and give people a way of discovering exciting new places to shop and mingle by tracking where their friends are checking in.  However, only 4% of Americans have ever even used this services to date. (At the time of this article written in 2011) I will be using this to help expand my knowledge of new methods and how effective they are.  Matt silk authored "Geofencing Can Be an Invasion of Privacy" which is the third and final article from this specific trade journal. This article shows a different side to geofencing.  The author explains that constantly monitoring the whereabouts of consumers is not only expensive but is intrusive and the use of real-time location data to reach consumers on their mobile devices is highly personal. This article add a different viewpoint to my previous research and will be used in the ethics and geofencing portion of my paper.  Xueming Luo also added to my research on my location based studies in his article "Mobile Targeting" found in Management Science.  This article delves deep into the correct place, geographically, and correct time, temporally, to reach out to customers via text message. (SMS)  Lou tests if alerting the customer on the same day of a sale is more effective than the day before or not, and if alerting the customer when they get close to the store is better than when they are a ways away.  They found that they can be most helpful individually.  This article really helped me to understand the usefulness of mobile targeting and geofencing.

Some of the sources that helped explain how traditional tactics that are still used were pretty old, but they still helped explain these strategies.  For example Victor J. Cook Jr wrote "Marketing Strategy and Differential Advantage" in Journal of Marketing. This is an old article that describes how scholars and marketing gurus thought at a time before the internet.  It uses examples like the US Auto Industry as compared to the Foreign Auto Industry of 1975.  I will use this journal to expand my traditional marketing part of my paper.  Another article that expanded my knowledge on traditional strategies was Lewis K. S. Lims’ article in the journal Journal of International Business Studies called "Development of Archetypes of International Marketing Strategy” This article focuses on international business’ “marketing strategy”, which is not quite as specific of a term in this article as it is in my paper.  This source is more based on how companies plan to market their already well off and well-known brand or company. It looks at keeping your logo or design of merchandise similar and not changing the physical look of things rather than more how to advertise them.  I learned ways that bigger companies used marketing and will probably put this into my traditional portion of the paper.  Also, Lori Chordas who wrote "Three-Dimensional Marketing" helped me look at the traditional strategies and helped me see that they are still used. This article from the trade journal Best's Review talks about new and net worthy companies and their marketing strategies.  Three-Dimensional Marketing is a trifecta of traditional, social and digital media.  Not only are video and online components being incorporated into marketing strategies, but now marketers are also relying on social networks and traditional print ads and sponsorships to create successful campaigns. This article can help me to connect brand new strategies that are being used to some traditional methods still circulating.

In my research I found a lot of newer articles that contained a lot of new and modern strategies for marketing and advertising.  A good bit of these had to do with social media. One the article I found was written by Gary Knight.  Knight authored "Entrepreneurship and Marketing Strategy: The SME under Globalization" and his article in the Journal of International Marketing describes changes in how “Small to Medium Enterprises” (SMEs) are marketing internationally. He tells us how they are evolving their strategies concerning the globalization of the modern age.  A lot more small businesses are becoming international and because of this their marketing strategies are changing.  They are using more internet based advertising and expanding in easier ways to advertise internationally. I also found Bruce Horovitz’s article about McDonalds called "He's Lovin' It: Ronald McDonald Rocking a New Look." This is a news article within USA Today about the attempts to raise McDonalds’ sales by changing up “Ronald’s” look. I chose this article because it opens up my eyes to ways large companies change their marketing strategy as the years go by.  Also, is keeps my research up to date on some previous research on sources that I have already looked at. I am probably not going to put this into my paper but it helps expand my knowledge of the topic. Another source was Susan Heavey  and Lisa Richwine’s article "Aggressive Pharmaceutical Marketing Practices Often Outpace Regulatory Efforts” found in The Pharmaceutical Industry. This article talks about how the FDA is regulating some of the more aggressive tatcics that the drug companies are trying out.  They are starting to use Facebook, Twitter, YouTube and other social media networks are the new frontier in marketing, and drug makers are dipping in like everyone else. The FDA is applying “separate guidance that are issue-specific and can apply to the various mediums used on the Internet.”  I will be applying this to the part of my paper about modern tactics and the ethics portion.

The last main recurring theme was the ethics behind these new strategies.  Dina Mayzlin was the author of one of the sources titled "Promotional Reviews: An Empirical Investigation of Online Review Manipulation."  In this article taken from The American Economic Review the author talks about the ethics behind faking reviews on internet sites.  They examine differences in the reviews for a specific hotel between TripAdvisor and Expedia.  TripAdvisor allows anyone to post reviews, whereas Expedia only allows customers to write them.  I am going to use this in my ethics portion of my paper. Another source was George R Milne’s article "If It's Legal, Is It Acceptable? Consumer Reactions to Online Covert Marketing" found in the Journal of Advertising Regulation and Self-Regulation.  This article explains how some companies covertly market products online and how people reacted when they found out what this meant.  It show that companies pay subsidiary companies to advertise their product on people computers based on the customer previous purchases and search history etc.  It also shows that once consumers found out how and what these companies where doing with their “personal” information they often reduced their purchases from that company.  I will use this to expand my ethics portion of my paper.  Finally the last source I looked at was "Pop-Ups, Cookies, and Spam: Toward a Deeper Analysis of the Ethical Significance of Internet Marketing Practices." Written by Daniel E. Palmer in Journal of Business Ethics Promoting Business Ethics, which is another article that helped develop my understanding of the ethics behind new marketing and advertising methods.  It talks mainly about the ethics behind pop ups and spam emails.  It shows that people tend to distrust the companies that send out spam mail and/or pop ups.  It also talks about the ethics behind such strategies and how business ethics in general have changed with the commonization of the internet.

annotated bib

Jacob McCown

Annotated Bibliography

Prof. Begert

11/1/2014

Annotated Bibliography:

Boddewyn, J. "A Construct for Comparative Marketing Research." Journal of Marketing Research 3.2 (1966): 149-53. JSTOR. Web. 04 Nov. 2014. 

This article actually helps explain ways to compare different marketing strategies and some key points to look at when attempting to choose some to compare.  It explains how there are a ton of different factors that you have to look at before you can easily put two strategies together.  I am hoping to use this to aid in my research.  This specific author might not make it into my paper.

Branigan, Lynn. "The Internet: The Emerging Premier Direct Marketing Channel." Direct Marketing 61.1 (1998): 46-8.ProQuest. Web. 04 Nov. 2014.

Branigan wrote this at the time when the internet was just changing from a tool for computer professionals and hobbyists, into a user friendly well used phenomena.  With this transition the internet created an important and sophisticated marketing medium.  I am going to use this cite to help expand the “new”, as in non-traditional, marketing tactics.

Chordas, Lori. "Three-Dimensional Marketing." Best's Review.9 (2014): 28-33. ProQuest. Web. 7 Oct. 2014.

This article from the trade journal Best's Review talks about new and net worthy companies and their marketing strategies.  Three-Dimensional Marketing is a trifecta of traditional, social and digital media.  Not only are video and online components being incorporated into marketing strategies, but now marketers are also relying on social networks and traditional print ads and sponsorships to create successful campaigns. This article can help me to connect brand new strategies that are being used to some traditional methods still circulating.

Cook, Victor J., Jr. "Marketing Strategy and Differential Advantage." Journal of Marketing 47.2 (1983): 68-75. JSTOR. Web. 04 Nov. 2014.

This is an old article that describes how scholars and marketing gurus thought at a time before the internet.  It uses examples like the US Auto Industry as compared to the Foreign Auto Industry of 1975.  I will use this journal to expand my traditional marketing part of my paper.

Data Alliance. "Retailers May Benefit from Geofencing."Location-Based Social Networking and Services. Ed. Roman Espejo. Web. 7 Oct. 2014.

This is one of the three article I use from this specific trade journal, this one will be the first I present in my paper.  This article provides background to geofencing and also a positive light on it.  It explains that geofencing is a form of location-based advertising in which a retailer sends a text-based promotion to consumers who have opted in to receive communications from the said retailer. A message is texted to consumers who are in the store's vicinity or targeted location. Unlike traditional advertising, it enables businesses to deliver pertinent messages to consumers at the most opportune place and time.

Heavey, Susan, and Lisa Richwine. "Aggressive Pharmaceutical Marketing Practices Often Outpace Regulatory Efforts.” The Pharmaceutical Industry. Ed. Roman Espejo. 2012. Opposing Viewpoints in Context. Web. 7 Oct. 2014.

This article talks about how the FDA is regulating some of the more aggressive tatcics that the drug companies are trying out.  They are starting to use Facebook, Twitter, YouTube and other social media networks are the new frontier in marketing, and drug makers are dipping in like everyone else. The FDA is applying “separate guidance that are issue-specific and can apply to the various mediums used on the Internet.”  I will be applying this to the part of my paper about modern tactics and the ethics portion.

Hill, Sidney. "Location-Based Social Networking Is Not Attracting Many Users."Location-Based Social Networking and Services. Ed. Roman Espejo.Opposing Viewpoints in Context. Web. 7 Oct. 2014.

This is number two of the three articles from this specific trade journal I will be looking at. This one talks about how few people are actually using “location based services”, and how when they launched, location-based services promised to take social networking to the next level, by allowing users to "check in" at businesses like restaurants, coffee shops, and stores, that they shop at often.  Checking in is supposed to allow your friends to know where you are and give people a way of discovering exciting new places to shop and mingle by tracking where their friends are checking in.  However, only 4% of Americans have ever even used this services to date. (At the time of this article written in 2011) I will be using this to help expand my knowledge of new methods and how effective they are.

Horovitz, Bruce. "He's Lovin' It: Ronald McDonald Rocking a New Look."USA Today. Gannett Satellite Information Network, Inc., 24 Apr. 2014. Web. 04 Nov. 2014.

This is a news article from USA Today about the attempts to raise McDonalds’ sales by changing up “Ronald’s” look. I chose this article because it opens up my eyes to ways large companies change their marketing strategy as the years go by.  Also, is keeps my research up to date on some previous research on sources that I have already looked at. I am probably not going to put this into my paper but it helps expand my knowledge of the topic.

Knight, Gary. "Entrepreneurship and Marketing Strategy: The SME under Globalization." Journal of International Marketing 8.2 (2000): 12-32.JSTOR. Web. 04 Nov. 2014. 

This article in the Journal of International Marketing describes changes in how “Small to Medium Enterprises” (SMEs) have evolved their strategies concerning the globalization of the modern age.  A lot more small businesses are becoming international and because of this their marketing strategies are changing.  They are using more internet based advertising and expanding in easier ways to advertise internationally.

Lim, Lewis K. S. "Development of Archetypes of International Marketing Strategy." Journal of International Business Studies 37.4 (2006): 499-524. JSTOR. Web. 04 Nov. 2014. 

This article focuses on international business’ “marketing strategy”, which is not quite as specific of a term in this article as it is in my paper.  This source is more based on how companies plan to market their already well off and well-known brand or company. It looks at keeping your logo or design of merchandise similar and not changing the physical look of things rather than more how to advertise them.  I learned ways that bigger companies used marketing and will probably put this into my traditional portion of the paper.

Luo, Xueming. "Mobile Targeting." Management Science 60.7 (2014): 1738-756. JSTOR. Web. 04 Nov. 2014.

This article delves deep into the correct place, geographical, and correct time, temporal, to reach out to customers via text message. (SMS)  Lou tests if alerting the customer on the same day of a sale is more effective than the day before or not, and if alerting the customer when they get close to the store is better than when they are a ways away.  They found that they can be most helpful individually.  This article really helped me to understand the usefulness of mobile targeting and geofencing.

Mayzlin, Dina. "Promotional Reviews: An Empirical Investigation of Online Review Manipulation." The American Economic Review 104.8 (2014): 2421-455. JSTOR. Web. 04 Nov. 2014. 

In this article taken from The American Economic Review the author talks about the ethics behind faking reviews on internet sites.  They examine differences in the reviews for a specific hotel between TripAdvisor and Expedia.  TripAdvisor allows anyone to post reviews, whereas Expedia only allows customers to write them.  I am going to use this in my ethics portion of my paper.

Milne, George R. "If It's Legal, Is It Acceptable? Consumer Reactions to Online Covert Marketing." Journal of Advertising Regulation and Self-Regulation 38.4 (2009): 107-22. JSTOR. Web. 04 Nov. 2014.

This article explains how some companies covertly market products online and how people reacted when they found out what this meant.  It show that companies pay subsidiary companies to advertise their product on people computers based on the customer previous purchases and search history etc.  It also shows that once consumers found out how and what these companies where doing with their “personal” information they often reduced their purchases from that company.  I will use this to expand my ethics portion of my paper.

Palmer, Daniel E. "Pop-Ups, Cookies, and Spam: Toward a Deeper Analysis of the Ethical Significance of Internet Marketing Practices." Journal of Business Ethics Promoting Business Ethics 58.1/3 (2005): 271-80.JSTOR. Web. 04 Nov. 2014.

This is another article that helped develop my understanding of the ethics behind new marketing and advertising methods.  It talks mainly about the ethics behind pop ups and spam emails.  It shows that people tend to distrust the companies that send out spam mail and/or pop ups.  It also talks about the ethics behind such strategies and how business ethics in general have changed with the commonization of the internet.

Silk, Matt. "Geofencing Can Be an Invasion of Privacy." Location-Based Social Networking and Services. Ed. Roman Espejo. Web. 7 Oct. 2014. Opposing Viewpoints in Context. Web. 28 Oct. 2014.

This is the third and final article from this specific trade journal. This article shows a different side to geofencing.  The author explains that constantly monitoring the whereabouts of consumers is not only expensive but is intrusive and the use of real-time location data to reach consumers on their mobile devices is highly personal. This article add a different viewpoint to my previos research and will be used in the ethics portion of my paper

research proposal revised

Jacob McCown

Research Proposal

Prof. Begert

10/26/14

Intro:

            Nowadays businesses are focusing more attention on reaching customers via the internet as opposed to to using the more traditional tactics, such as customers phone numbers and home address.   Businesses do this with the assumption that they are saving money and reaching more people in a faster and more positive way.  However some still stand firmly behind the traditional methods believing that the customers respond better to the traditional ways and that the newer ways can be too invasive in some instances. 

            This paper will reflect the findings on ample  research about this topic.  It will look at which forms of marketing is truly more effective, which is cheaper,  whether or not some of the methods used now are too invasive or creepy, and over all which is preferred by customers in this day and age.  It may be that people are becoming a little more use to what in previous generations would be call ed breaches in privacy, and are actually responding well to the new and more invasive tactics.

Review of Literature:

            There has already been much research done for this paper and there will be more.  So far, some of the more helpful sources looked at have been on the study of “geofencing”.  There is a good sized following of this subject and in one respected trade journal,  Location-Based Social Networking and Services 1^st Edition by Roman Espejo, there is multiple articles on the subject and this paper will look at at least three of them.  Each of the articles show different sides of the argument and provide this paper with different perspectives that can each be verified.   The articles I will be looking at are "Retailers May Benefit from Geofencing", "Location-Based Social Networking Is Not Attracting Many Users", and "Geofencing Can Be an Invasion of Privacy".  Another source that was reviewed was an article written by Lori Chordas that was published in  Best's Review,  it goes in to detail on ways companies are advertising on social media cites like Facebook and LinkedIn.  A fifth source I looked at was an article called "Dissimilarity of E-Marketing VS Traditional Marketing" that was authored by Mehrdad Salehi and published in the International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences2.1,  this article is useful because it plainly compares some traditional methods such as ads in magazines to some newer ones like E-mail.

Plan to Collect Information:

            So far I have mainly used Online Databases like ProQuest and Opposing Viewpoints to find sources.  I use these databases because they can direct me to scholarly journals that I can then, through search engines, gain direct access to and check if they have been peer reviewed for myself.  I find that theses databases can be very helpful and provide me with credible sources that I can even check for myself. 

            I plan on delving deeper into the medias views on this subject and try to find a couple news article to aid in my research. I think that checking for modern news articles on the newer methods of marketing will really help add new viewpoints to my research and also keep this  paper as up to date as possible.  I also plan on continuing to sift through Online Databases in hopes to find more credible peer reviewed sources to further my research.

Project Time-line:

            This coming week will be spent looking for news articles and recently published viewpoints to help make my stand on the final paper as modern and well rounded as possible.  I plan on searching the internet for the articles but I am considering talking to some people I know who have made there life's earnings through business ventures, some who have used traditional marketing and some, like my father, who has experience in the modern tactics.  I hope that by next week I will have at least the 10 of the 20 sources that are required.  The week after that will be spent solely focusing on the 10 peer reviewed sources.  I plan on checking the OC Brem library for a few of them.  I have used Bremerton's library before and am pretty knowledgeable on what I am looking for and where to look, but I also want to peek in to the Kitsap Regional Library to see what it has to offer.  By November 4^th I will have all of my sources put together and well annotated. Also I plan to have already started on the structure of the actual paper using guidelines I have learned in previous English classes and this class.  By the time I have completed that step which is a crude and basic outline I will be ready to start a rough draft.  From there I will follow the course syllabus and refine my paper till the day it is due.  I will refine it by sending the rough draft to my old English teacher who I still keep in touch with and has helped me with such things in the past, and by doing what I always do and giving the paper to my father for final grammar and spelling checks.

           

Working Bibliography:

Boddewyn, J. "A Construct for Comparative Marketing Research." Journal of Marketing Research 3.2 (1966): 149-53. JSTOR. Web. 04 Nov. 2014. 

Milne, George R. "If It's Legal, Is It Acceptable? Consumer Reactions to Online Covert Marketing." Journal of Advertising Advertising Regulation and Self-Regulation 38.4 (2009): 107-22. JSTOR. Web. 04 Nov. 2014.

Luo, Xueming. "Mobile Targeting." Management Science 60.7 (2014): 1738-756. JSTOR. Web. 04 Nov. 2014.

Palmer, Daniel E. "Pop-Ups, Cookies, and Spam: Toward a Deeper Analysis of the Ethical Significance of Internet Marketing Practices." Journal of Business Ethics Promoting Business Ethics 58.1/3 (2005): 271-80.JSTOR. Web. 04 Nov. 2014.

Alliance Data. "Retailers May Benefit from Geofencing."Location-Based Social Networking and Services. Ed. Roman Espejo. Web. 7 Oct. 2014.

Chordas, Lori. "Three-Dimensional Marketing." Best's Review.9 (2014): 28-33. ProQuest. Web. 7 Oct. 2014.

Hill, Sidney. "Location-Based Social Networking Is Not Attracting Many Users."Location-Based Social Networking and Services. Ed. Roman Espejo.Opposing Viewpoints in Context. Web. 7 Oct. 2014.

Heavey, Susan, and Lisa Richwine. "Aggressive Pharmaceutical Marketing Practices Often Outpace Regulatory Efforts.” The Pharmaceutical Industry. Ed. Roman Espejo. 2012. Opposing Viewpoints in Context. Web. 7 Oct. 2014.

Salehi, Mehrdad, et al. "Dissimilarity of E-Marketing VS Traditional Marketing." International    Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences2.1 (2012): 510-5. ProQuest. Web. 7 Oct. 2014.

Silk, Matt. "Geofencing Can Be an Invasion of Privacy." Location-Based Social Networking and Services. Ed. Roman Espejo. 2010. Opposing Viewpoints in Context. Web. 28 Oct. 2014.